Lathes have existed since biblical times. CNC, or computer-numerical control, machines were pioneered in the late 1940s by John T. Parsons to machine helicopter rotor blades and included a rudimentary, early IBM computer to guide the cutting tools along paths programmed into their memory banks.
CNC lathes come in many sizes and are made by manufacturers who specialize in making sophisticated machinery. The most common CNC lathe has a tool turret that holds tooling, including insert cutters, drill and reamers and a spindle with a chuck jaw that can hold different types of metal.
CNC lathes can perform many different types of operations, but turning is the most common. Lathes can also use drills and reamers to make centered holes in material. . Holes can be cut off center on a part in this manner, where previously this type of operation could only be done in a milling machine.
Turn on the machine. Some shops turn them off at night because of their power consumption when idle. Turn on the spindle in either
direction to warm up the machine from an idle state. This distributes the oil so that no damage occurs during machining.
Prepare your measuring tools and raw material for the day. This is important because you shouldn’t walk away from the machine at inopportune times during your shift. Prepare the jaws you will use on the machine as well as any tooling you plan on using
Remove the current jaws if necessary. The jaws you use may vary by job, so if you need to remove the current jaws, do so carefully. There
are often very sharp metal chips built with the jaws themselves. Blow off the chuck before replacing the jaws as well. Chips caught under the jaws can make them spin non-concentrically, which will cause errors in the machining process.
Place the tools you need for the job in the tool turret of the CNC lathe. A CNC lathe can use many tools during a cycle. Place your raw
material in the jaws and tighten enough to hold the material, but not crush it.